The Can-Can, a lively and playful dance that originated in France, has been a staple of Broadway shows for decades. Its infectious rhythm and energetic moves have captured the hearts of audiences, making it a beloved dance style on the Great White Way. But the question remains, was the Can-Can really on Broadway? In this historical overview, we’ll explore the evolution of the Can-Can on Broadway, from its humble beginnings to its current status as a Broadway mainstay. So, let’s get our dancing shoes on and explore the history of this beloved dance style!
The Origins of the Can-Can
The Dance That Captivated the World
The Can-Can, a lively and provocative dance, originated in the 19th century in the working-class districts of Paris. It was a dance of the people, born out of the streets and cafes, and was not initially embraced by the upper classes. However, it soon became a sensation, captivating audiences worldwide with its bold and playful movements.
The dance was characterized by its exaggerated kicks and leaps, and its performers often wore short skirts and scarves, which added to its risqué reputation. The Can-Can was also known for its energetic and rhythmic music, which was often played by a small orchestra or band.
Despite its scandalous reputation, the Can-Can quickly became a popular dance in Parisian dance halls and cafes, and it was soon featured in many of the city’s theaters and music halls. It was also exported to other parts of Europe and the United States, where it continued to captivate audiences with its energetic and provocative style.
Over time, the Can-Can evolved and changed, with different variations and styles emerging in different parts of the world. However, its core elements remained the same – a lively and playful dance that celebrated the energy and vitality of the people.
The Evolution of the Can-Can in France
The Can-Can, a lively and energetic dance, originated in France in the mid-19th century. It was popularized in the working-class districts of Paris, particularly in the Montmartre neighborhood. The dance was often performed in the streets and at local cabarets, and it quickly became a symbol of the vibrant and rebellious spirit of the French people.
The Can-Can was originally a solo dance, with the performer using a traditional French beret as a prop. The dance was characterized by its quick and nimble footwork, with the performer kicking and leaping in time with the music. The dance also featured intricate arm movements and spins, and the performer would often end the dance by throwing their beret into the air and catching it.
As the Can-Can gained popularity, it began to be incorporated into the repertoire of the Moulin Rouge, a famous Parisian cabaret. The dance became even more elaborate, with groups of dancers performing intricate choreography in time with the music. The Moulin Rouge was also known for its scandalous and risqué performances, and the Can-Can was no exception. The dance often featured suggestive movements and costumes, which caused outrage among the more conservative members of French society.
Despite the controversy surrounding the dance, the Can-Can continued to be popular in France throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was featured in many French films and plays, and it became a symbol of French culture around the world.
As the Can-Can spread beyond France, it underwent further changes and adaptations. In the United States, for example, the dance was often performed in vaudeville shows and films, and it was adapted to fit the American sensibility. However, the core elements of the dance remained the same, and the Can-Can continued to be a beloved and iconic part of French culture.
The Arrival of the Can-Can on Broadway
The Influence of the Folies Bergère
The Folies Bergère, a famous Parisian music hall, played a significant role in the introduction of the Can-Can to Broadway. The Folies Bergère was known for its elaborate productions, featuring lavish costumes, intricate choreography, and a wide array of entertainment.
One of the most iconic performances at the Folies Bergère was the “Ballet of the Flowers,” which showcased the beauty and grace of young women dressed in colorful costumes, performing the Can-Can dance. This dance, characterized by its high kicks and rapid footwork, quickly became a sensation in Paris and eventually made its way to Broadway.
The influence of the Folies Bergère on the Can-Can’s development on Broadway cannot be overstated. The elaborate productions and unique style of the Folies Bergère served as inspiration for many of the productions that would eventually bring the Can-Can to the American stage. Additionally, the Folies Bergère’s use of colorful costumes and elaborate choreography would later become hallmarks of the Can-Can productions on Broadway.
The Folies Bergère also played a role in popularizing the Can-Can by featuring it in their productions alongside other popular dances of the time. This exposure helped to spread the dance’s popularity beyond Paris and into other parts of the world, including Broadway.
Overall, the influence of the Folies Bergère on the Can-Can’s development on Broadway cannot be underestimated. The elaborate productions, unique style, and use of colorful costumes and choreography all played a significant role in the dance’s transition from Paris to Broadway.
The Importance of the Can-Can in Early Broadway Shows
The Can-Can, a lively and energetic dance, made its debut on the Broadway stage in the late 19th century. It quickly became a popular dance in America and played a significant role in shaping the landscape of American entertainment. The Can-Can was first introduced to Broadway in the show “The French Spy,” which opened in 1858. The dance was a sensation and helped to establish the Can-Can as a staple of American theater.
The Can-Can was not just a dance, but it was also a cultural phenomenon that represented the changing social and cultural attitudes of the time. The dance was seen as a symbol of the French Revolution and the struggle for freedom and equality. The Can-Can was also associated with the bohemian lifestyle and the artistic and intellectual movements of the time.
The Can-Can’s popularity on Broadway continued to grow throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was featured in many famous shows such as “The Belle of New York,” “The Chocolate Doll,” and “The Cingalee.” The Can-Can was not just a dance, but it was also a way of life. It represented the carefree and rebellious spirit of the time and became a symbol of the modern and progressive movement.
The Can-Can was not just a dance, but it was also a representation of the changing social and cultural attitudes of the time. It was a reflection of the bohemian lifestyle and the artistic and intellectual movements of the time. The Can-Can was also a symbol of the modern and progressive movement.
In the early 20th century, the Can-Can continued to evolve and became more sophisticated and elaborate. It was featured in many famous shows such as “The Can-Can,” “The Can-Can Kids,” and “The Can-Can Revue.” The Can-Can had become a staple of American entertainment and continued to be a popular dance on Broadway for many years to come.
In conclusion, the Can-Can’s importance in early Broadway shows cannot be overstated. It was not just a dance, but it was also a cultural phenomenon that represented the changing social and cultural attitudes of the time. The Can-Can was a symbol of the French Revolution and the struggle for freedom and equality, the bohemian lifestyle and the artistic and intellectual movements of the time, and the modern and progressive movement. It played a significant role in shaping the landscape of American entertainment and continues to be a beloved dance to this day.
The Golden Age of the Can-Can on Broadway
The Rise of the Can-Can in American Popular Culture
The Origins of the Can-Can in France
The Can-Can, a lively and playful dance, originated in France in the mid-19th century. It was first introduced in the bohemian neighborhoods of Paris, where it quickly gained popularity among the working-class. The dance was characterized by its fast-paced rhythm, kicking motions, and playful, exaggerated movements, which set it apart from the more formal and traditional dances of the time.
The Introduction of the Can-Can to America
The Can-Can made its way to America in the late 19th century, brought over by French dancers and performers who were touring the United States. It was initially met with skepticism and resistance from American audiences, who were accustomed to more traditional forms of dance and entertainment. However, as the Can-Can gained exposure and became more widely known, it began to catch on with American audiences, who were drawn to its energy and playful spirit.
The Can-Can in Vaudeville and Films
The Can-Can became a staple of vaudeville performances, where it was often featured in musical revues and comedy acts. It also appeared in early films, where it was showcased in elaborate production numbers and helped to elevate the visual spectacle of the cinema. The Can-Can’s association with vaudeville and film helped to cement its status as a beloved and iconic dance in American popular culture.
The Can-Can on Broadway
The Can-Can made its debut on Broadway in the early 20th century, in a production called “The Can-Can,” which opened in 1907. The show was a hit, and the Can-Can’s popularity continued to grow as it appeared in subsequent Broadway productions, including “The Gay White Way” (1916) and “Follow Through” (1918). The Can-Can’s association with Broadway helped to further establish it as a beloved and enduring dance in American popular culture.
The Most Iconic Can-Can Performances on Broadway
During the Golden Age of the Can-Can on Broadway, several iconic performances left a lasting impact on audiences and helped shape the way the dance would be perceived in the years to come.
“La Poupée” (1904)
One of the earliest and most iconic Can-Can performances on Broadway was “La Poupée,” which premiered in 1904. This operetta featured a memorable Can-Can dance sequence that showcased the talents of its leading lady, Nellie Bly Baker. Baker’s performance was widely praised for its energy, grace, and sex appeal, setting the standard for future Can-Can performances on Broadway.
“The Can-Can” (1953)
In 1953, “The Can-Can” made its Broadway debut, featuring a dazzling Can-Can dance routine that captivated audiences and cemented the dance’s place in American popular culture. The show’s choreography, which was inspired by the traditional French Can-Can, was designed to showcase the dance’s energetic and playful nature, while also incorporating modern dance techniques to create a fresh and innovative interpretation of the classic dance.
“Cabaret” (1966)
Another iconic Can-Can performance on Broadway was in the musical “Cabaret,” which premiered in 1966. The show’s infamous “Money Song” featured a high-energy Can-Can dance routine that became one of the show’s most memorable moments. The dance was performed by a group of scantily clad dancers, who used their bodies to convey a sense of sexual liberation and rebelliousness that reflected the cultural upheaval of the 1960s.
“The Pajama Game” (1954)
“The Pajama Game,” which premiered on Broadway in 1954, featured a Can-Can dance routine that was both playful and sexy. The dance was performed by a group of factory workers, who used their tools and machinery to create a lively and entertaining spectacle that showcased their physical prowess and athleticism. The routine was a standout moment in the show, and helped establish the Can-Can as a staple of American musical theater.
“Kiss Me, Kate” (1948)
Finally, “Kiss Me, Kate,” which premiered on Broadway in 1948, featured a Can-Can dance routine that was both charming and mischievous. The dance was performed by a group of women who played a group of Shakespearean characters, and used their costumes and props to create a lively and entertaining spectacle that showcased their wit and cleverness. The routine was a highlight of the show, and helped establish the Can-Can as a beloved and enduring element of American popular culture.
The Decline of the Can-Can on Broadway
The Impact of World War II on the Can-Can
World War II had a significant impact on the Can-Can on Broadway. The war resulted in the drafting of many young men, which left a shortage of available male performers for theater productions. Additionally, the war also had a negative impact on the tourism industry, which significantly reduced the number of visitors to Broadway shows.
As a result of these factors, many theaters were forced to close, and the Can-Can was no longer the popular entertainment that it once was. The Can-Can also faced competition from new forms of entertainment, such as movies and television, which made it difficult for the dance to maintain its popularity.
Moreover, the war also led to a change in the social and cultural attitudes of the American people. The war had a profound impact on the nation’s psyche, and many people began to look for more serious and meaningful forms of entertainment. This shift in cultural attitudes made it difficult for the lighthearted and frivolous Can-Can to maintain its popularity.
In conclusion, World War II had a significant impact on the Can-Can on Broadway. The war resulted in a shortage of male performers, a reduction in tourism, and a shift in cultural attitudes that made it difficult for the dance to maintain its popularity.
The Evolution of Broadway Shows and the Fading of the Can-Can
As Broadway shows evolved over time, the popularity of the can-can dance began to wane. Several factors contributed to this decline, including changes in audience tastes and preferences, the emergence of new dance styles, and the influence of cinema on the entertainment industry.
One significant factor in the decline of the can-can was the changing preferences of Broadway audiences. In the early 20th century, when the can-can was at its peak, audiences were more receptive to traditional European-style dance performances. However, as the century progressed, audiences became more interested in seeing newer, more innovative forms of dance, such as tap and modern. This shift in preferences made it more challenging for the can-can to maintain its popularity on Broadway.
Another factor that contributed to the decline of the can-can was the emergence of new dance styles. As the entertainment industry evolved, new dance styles, such as the Charleston and the Lindy Hop, gained popularity, overshadowing the can-can. These dances were seen as more contemporary and innovative, which made them more appealing to audiences.
The influence of cinema on the entertainment industry also played a role in the decline of the can-can. With the advent of sound films in the late 1920s, musicals began to dominate the movie industry. This shift in popularity made it more challenging for the can-can to maintain its presence on Broadway, as audiences became more interested in seeing musicals on the big screen.
Overall, the decline of the can-can on Broadway was a result of changing audience preferences, the emergence of new dance styles, and the influence of cinema on the entertainment industry. Despite its decline, the can-can remains an iconic dance of the early 20th century and continues to be celebrated for its beauty and artistry.
The Legacy of the Can-Can on Broadway
The Continued Appeal of the Can-Can in Pop Culture
The Can-Can has been a beloved and enduring aspect of Broadway and popular culture for decades. Despite its origins in France, the dance has become deeply ingrained in American culture and continues to be celebrated and referenced in various forms of media.
The Influence of Film and Television
The Can-Can has been featured in numerous films and television shows over the years, often as a representation of French culture or as a nod to the dance’s historical significance. These appearances have helped to perpetuate the dance’s iconic status and have introduced it to new audiences.
The Impact of Popular Music
The Can-Can has also made its way into popular music, with various artists incorporating the dance into their songs and performances. This has further solidified the dance’s place in pop culture and has helped to keep it relevant for generations of music lovers.
The Appeal of the Can-Can in Modern Dance
The Can-Can has continued to inspire modern dance troupes and choreographers, who often incorporate elements of the dance into their own works. This ongoing influence speaks to the enduring appeal of the Can-Can and its ability to captivate audiences and inspire new artistic endeavors.
Overall, the Can-Can’s continued appeal in pop culture is a testament to its timeless appeal and its ability to transcend borders and boundaries. Whether through film, music, or dance, the Can-Can remains a beloved and iconic aspect of Broadway and popular culture.
The Lasting Impact of the Can-Can on Broadway
The Can-Can has had a lasting impact on Broadway and its evolution. Its unique style and rhythm have inspired many future musicals and shows, and its influence can still be seen in modern productions. The Can-Can also helped to establish the modern musical as a popular form of entertainment, paving the way for future hits like Oklahoma! and Annie Get Your Gun. Additionally, the success of the Can-Can helped to establish the idea of the “Broadway show” as a cultural institution, and it continues to be a beloved and iconic part of American theater history.
The Future of the Can-Can on Broadway
The Revival of the Can-Can in Modern Broadway Shows
In recent years, the Can-Can has experienced a resurgence in popularity on Broadway. This has been due in part to a renewed interest in classic musicals and the recognition of the Can-Can as a beloved and iconic dance. The revival of the Can-Can in modern Broadway shows has been facilitated by a number of factors, including advances in technology, a growing appreciation for the cultural significance of the dance, and a desire to bring a sense of nostalgia and classic elegance to contemporary productions.
One of the key ways in which the Can-Can has been revived on Broadway is through the use of cutting-edge technology. In many modern productions, the Can-Can is performed with the aid of computer-generated imagery (CGI) and other advanced technologies. This allows for a level of visual spectacle and complexity that was not possible in earlier eras, and has helped to attract audiences to these productions.
Another factor that has contributed to the revival of the Can-Can on Broadway is a growing appreciation for the cultural significance of the dance. The Can-Can is deeply rooted in French culture and history, and has long been regarded as a symbol of French national identity. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in French culture and history, and this has helped to elevate the status of the Can-Can on Broadway.
Finally, the revival of the Can-Can on Broadway has also been driven by a desire to evoke a sense of nostalgia and classic elegance in contemporary productions. Many modern audiences have a fondness for the aesthetics and sensibilities of earlier eras, and the Can-Can offers a unique opportunity to capture this spirit. By incorporating the Can-Can into modern Broadway shows, producers and directors are able to add a touch of classic charm and sophistication to their productions, and to appeal to audiences who are looking for a more traditional theatrical experience.
Overall, the revival of the Can-Can in modern Broadway shows represents a significant development in the evolution of this iconic dance. As technology continues to advance and audiences become increasingly interested in the cultural and historical context of the Can-Can, it is likely that this beloved dance will continue to play a prominent role in the world of Broadway and beyond.
The Potential Evolution of the Can-Can in the 21st Century
The Impact of Technology on the Can-Can
One potential evolution of the Can-Can in the 21st century is the integration of technology into the production. This could include the use of digital projection mapping to enhance the visual spectacle of the dance, or the incorporation of interactive elements that allow the audience to participate in the performance.
The Continued Evolution of the Can-Can
Another potential evolution of the Can-Can in the 21st century is the continued evolution of the dance itself. As new styles of music and dance emerge, the Can-Can could incorporate elements of these styles to remain relevant and exciting for audiences.
The Globalization of the Can-Can
Finally, the Can-Can could continue to evolve through its globalization. As the dance spreads to new countries and cultures, it will likely be adapted and reinterpreted in ways that reflect the unique styles and traditions of these cultures. This could lead to a richer, more diverse Can-Can that continues to captivate audiences around the world.
FAQs
1. When was the first can-can performed on Broadway?
The first recorded performance of the can-can on Broadway was in the 1859 production of “The Black Crook”, which was an American adaptation of the French opera “La Dame aux Camélias”. This production featured a dance called the “Cachucha”, which was a precursor to the can-can.
2. Who created the can-can dance?
The can-can dance is believed to have originated in the working-class neighborhoods of Paris in the mid-19th century. It was popularized in the music halls and cabarets of Paris, and eventually made its way to the stages of Broadway.
3. How has the can-can evolved over time on Broadway?
The can-can has undergone several evolutions over the years on Broadway. In the early productions, it was often performed as a burlesque or vaudeville act, with performers wearing risqué costumes and incorporating humor and comedy into the dance. As time went on, the can-can became more refined and was featured in more serious productions, often as a showcase for the lead female dancer.
4. What is the significance of the can-can in Broadway history?
The can-can has played an important role in the history of Broadway as a symbol of American popular culture. It represented the fusion of French and American theatrical traditions and helped to establish the modern musical as a distinct art form. The can-can also served as a symbol of the liberation of women on stage, as female dancers were given the opportunity to showcase their athleticism and grace in a traditionally male-dominated art form.
5. Why is the can-can still popular today?
The can-can continues to be popular today because of its energetic and upbeat rhythm, as well as its iconic and recognizable choreography. It has been featured in numerous films, television shows, and stage productions, and remains a beloved part of American cultural history. Additionally, the can-can continues to be performed by dance companies and troupes around the world, keeping the tradition alive for future generations.
